An Request for Proposal (RFP) is generally used for more complex requirements where the government expects to negotiate with offerors, while an Request for Quotation (RFQ) is typically for simpler, more defined requirements, especially under the simplified acquisition threshold. The core difference lies in the procurement process the buyer intends to follow. For federal contracts, RFPs fall under FAR Part 15, Contracting by Negotiation, which allows for discussions, revisions, and a best value tradeoff decision. RFQs, on the other hand, are often used for simplified acquisitions under FAR Part 13, Simplified Acquisition Procedures, where the government is looking for a fair and reasonable price based on a clear requirement.
Your approach should differ based on this. For an RFP, your proposal will likely require a detailed technical volume and a price volume, with careful attention to the instructions in Section L and the evaluation criteria in Section M. You will need to demonstrate your understanding of the performance work statement (PWS) and propose your best solution. For an RFQ, especially for purchases not exceeding the simplified acquisition threshold, the government typically evaluates based on price and other factors that are clearly stated, and the response is usually less extensive. However, as you observed, an RFQ can still have a complex statement of objectives (SOO), so always read the solicitation carefully for specific instructions, regardless of the document type. State and local procurements follow their own procurement codes and portal guidelines, which may use these terms differently from federal regulations.